Idea · Other · Charlotte, North Carolinaa real check of

Independent RIA after a wirehouse in Charlotte: an idea check

We checked whether a state-registered adviser can launch an independent RIA for suburban Charlotte retirees billed on assets under management. The idea scored 62 of 100, “Possible, with caveats”, but local flat-fee and hourly competitors put pressure on the percentage-of-assets pricech.

for: Retirees with $500k–$2M investable assets in suburban Charlotte36 sources17 search queries42 verbatim quotesdemand not measured
0
Idea

How to start an RIA firm after leaving a wirehouse in suburban Charlotte: state-registered adviser moving retiree clients with $500k–$2M, billed 1% of assets

Problem: Wealth management and retirement planning for mid-sized portfolios, with clients who want a fiduciary adviser after leaving a wirehouse · Offer: Fee-only (1% of AUM) registered investment advisory services

62of 100
The first check of the ideaPossible, with caveats

The market is large and the competitors are not crowding the uncovered niche, but demand is unmeasured and the unit economics do not hold on the category norms, so test it with buyers before committing.

No data, left out of the score: demand, unit economics

Fee resistance is real

Critics say a 1% fee is justifiable only for low balances, and three complaints about price show cost is a live objection.2526123

Level Wealth overlaps

The closest competitor already offers about 45% of the idea, so a new firm must show a clear difference.

Price sits below median

Competitors charge a median of 24 000 USD a year, and a 1% fee on $1M is about 10 000 USD, so the fee is priced below the median for the same wealth band.

Quality pain uncovered

Two complaints about quality of existing services show a pain the current offers do not fully answer, which is the opening for a differentiated firm.24

Free traffic query open

The search query on managing retirement savings without an advisor has no direct competitor in its top 3, so the firm can reach buyers without paid ads.

Demand size unmeasured

No search-volume data exists for this market, so the number of reachable buyers in Charlotte is not yet known.

Unit economics borrowed

The margin and payback come from the fintech category, not this market, so the business case is still an estimate.

For: Competitors charge a median of 24 000 USD a year, a price…

Competitors charge a median of 24 000 USD a year, a price level that leaves room for a 1% fee model to compete on fit and service.

For: Two complaints about quality of existing services show a pain…

Two complaints about quality of existing services show a pain the current offers do not fully answer.24

For: A free search query on retirement savings without an advisor…

A free search query on retirement savings without an advisor has no direct competitor in its top 3 results, a traffic place the idea can use.

For: Advisers are seeking more autonomy and better compensation,…

Advisers are seeking more autonomy and better compensation, which supports independent firms entering the market.24

Against: Critics say a 1% fee is justifiable only for low balances, and…

Critics say a 1% fee is justifiable only for low balances, and that paying for specific services as needed is more cost-effective.2526

Against: Three complaints about price show that cost is a live…

Three complaints about price show that cost is a live objection for this buyer group.123

Against: The closest competitor, Level Wealth Management, already…

The closest competitor, Level Wealth Management, already offers about 45% of the idea.

Against: Two similar firms have closed, Carolinas Investment Consulting…

Two similar firms have closed, Carolinas Investment Consulting LLC and Hubbell Consulting, LLC, which shows that staying open is hard.78

How the score is counted
Market7 × 19%+13.3
Demandno data — left out—
Pain7 × 20%+14.2
Competition(10 − 8) × 13%+2.5
Uniqueness7 × 15%+10.6
Complexity(10 − 4) × 11%+6.8
Prices7 × 11%+8
Unit economicsno data — left out—
Room to grow6 × 10%+6.1
Totalof 100= 62

17 search queries · read 10 of 10 sites · 42 quotes checked word for word · demand: no data

Checked for: Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Nine axes

The score is the axes’ weighted sum. An axis without data is left out and its weight shared among the rest. No data: demand, unit economics.

7Marketweight 19 %—Demandno data — not in the score7Solves the painweight 20 %8Competitionhigher is harder · weight 13 %7Uniquenessweight 15 %4Complexityhigher is harder · weight 11 %7Prices and monetizationweight 11 %—Unit economicsno data — not in the score6Room to growweight 10 %

The report’s sections

Each section opens down to its figures, quotes and sources.

7MarketTAM $1.5T
Where the score comes from · 7 of 10
Size5the model's judgement of published estimates and search volumes; 6+ when a buying query has 10,000+ a month
Developed910 direct competitors, median site age 6 years
Growth6from the quoted trends
Axis7the mean of the measured parts
7 × 19% of the weight+13.3 to the total
TAM$1.5TSAM$362BSOMno data
TAM$1.5TThe whole market · the whole category, US — a published estimate · cerulli.com · 202415
SAM$362BThe reachable segment · this niche, US — a published estimate · investmentnews.com · 202413
SOMno dataWithin reach. It needs the search volume and a price — this market has neither.
Demandno figures
Size5/10
Maturity9/10
Growth6/10

What is changing

As advisor headcount and assets continue to flow from wirehouses and broker-dealers into RIA channels
investmentnews.com19
projecting the sector will eclipse $4 trillion in assets over the next decade.
investmentnews.com20

Published market estimates

State-registered RIAs ended 2024 with $361.8 billion in assets under management even as their ranks edged down
$361.8 billion · this niche · US · 2024 · investmentnews.com13
oversee $212 billion in reported assets under management.
$212 billion · this niche · US · 2024 · investmentnews.com14
now account for $1.5 trillion in assets under management (AUM)
$1.5 trillion · the whole category · US · 2024 · cerulli.com15
—Demand6 queries · Google 6
Where the score comes from
Top buying queryno data
Buying shareno data50%+ → +2, 25%+ → +1
No data — not in the total—
GGooglevolumes are not measured yet
  • Gfee only financial advisor Charlotte NC—competitor search
  • Gindependent registered investment adviser Charlotte—competitor search
  • Ghow to manage retirement savings without a financial advisor—competitor search
  • Ghow to start an RIA firm as a financial advisor—competitor search
  • Gfinancial advisor Charlotte NC fee based 1% AUM—competitor search
  • GCharlotte wealth management RIA news—competitor search
7Does the idea solve a pain6 complaints, 1 request for advice · most often: price
Where the score comes from · 7 of 10
Complaints6customers' words, quoted
Requests1count as two complaints
Pains covered42%the share of complaints the idea answers (yes 1, partly 0.5)
Axis710 × (0.6 × coverage + 0.4 × signal, 8 pieces of evidence = full)
7 × 20% of the weight+14.2 to the total

The market's pains · 6 complaints

Price3
Quality2
Other1

What the idea covers

  • ›Price — A 1% AUM fee is the market norm, so it is not cheaper; it only fits clients who accept asset-based pricing.
  • ›Quality — Fiduciary registration signals quality, but no track record or service standard is described.
  • ›Other — The single unspecified complaint is not addressed by the described offer.

The customer's voice

Most advisors, in my experience? seem to charge fees based on your AUM, in the 0.5-2% range - and that is very expensive.
Price · reddit.com1
At least for the AUM model which is just a ripoff for most consumers.
Price · reddit.com2
They really did not do anything in my best interest but only theirs.
Quality · reddit.com2
I should have been more attentive to the details, but their terms were not clearly communicated during our initial engagement.
Price · reddit.com3
Wife has been paying WF Advisors for 'full service IRA' for 6 years and they never invested a cent.
Quality · reddit.com4
Terrible company, pyramid scheme
Other · trustpilot.com5

Asking for advice · 1

I highly recommend Taylor Associates located in Pantops.
reddit.com6

What they are willing to pay

It’s fairly standard for financial advisor AUM fees to amount to around 1% of your assets.
wsj.com21
0.96% per year is the average assets under management fee
nerdwallet.com22
cost $1,200 for an initial review and setup.
reddit.com23
8Competitors10 competitors, 10 direct · visibility leader: Flat Fee Financial — 22%
Where the score comes from · 8 of 10
Direct competitors100 → 1, 1–2 → 3, 3–5 → 5, 6–9 → 7, 10+ → 8
A big playernohalf the search visibility or 10,000+ Google visits
Ad pixels40%on half the sites or more — +1
(10 − 8) × 13% of the weight+2.5 to the total
1
Flat Fee Financial27
directbets on: price

“INVEST WISELY, MINIMIZE TAXES & PLAN AHEAD”

Check: business · site & SEO

Visibility22%
Similarity40%
Price$24,000 flat fee per year at $6,000,000 investable assets
On the market3 years
SEO · top 102 of 4 queries · best #1
Adsno pixels
2
The Hourly Advisor28
directbets on: price

“Financial advice should benefit you, more than your advisor.”

Check: business · site & SEO

Visibility18%
Similarity25%
Price$300 per hour
On the market2 years
SEO · top 102 of 4 queries · best #1
Adsno pixels
3
Parkwood Wealth Advisors31
directbets on: other

“When you want a financial plan built with your goals and interests put above all else”

Check: business · site & SEO

Visibility10%
Similarity35%
Priceno data
On the market30 years
SEO · top 102 of 4 queries · best #2
Adsno pixels
4
Waverly Advisors32
directbets on: other

“Strategic Financial Guidance for a City Built on Momentum”

Check: business · site & SEO

Visibility10%
Similarity20%
Priceno data
On the market4 years
SEO · top 102 of 4 queries · best #2
AdsMeta Pixel
5
Tristate Financial Advisors29
directbets on: other

“hard-working people don't need to wait to retirement to live their dreams”

Check: business · site & SEO

Visibility9%
Similarity30%
Priceno data
On the market6 years
SEO · top 103 of 4 queries · best #4
Adsno pixels
6
HB Wealth30
directbets on: service and support

“providing unwavering financial peace of mind”

Check: business · site & SEO

Visibility9%
Similarity25%
Priceno data
On the market6 years
SEO · top 103 of 4 queries · best #3
AdsGoogle Ads
7
Llewellyn Financial LLC34
directbets on: other

“Turn High Income Into Strategic Wealth (Not Higher Taxes)”

Check: business · site & SEO

Visibility9%
Similarity30%
Priceno data
On the market6 years
SEO · top 101 of 4 queries · best #2
Adsno pixels
8
Modera Wealth Management33
directbets on: service and support

Fee-only fiduciary planning and investment guidance

Check: business · site & SEO

Visibility5%
Similarity25%
Priceno data
On the market16 years
SEO · top 102 of 4 queries · best #5
Adsno pixels
9
Level Wealth Management35
directbets on: price

“Level Wealth Management is a Flat-Fee Financial Advisor.”

Check: business · site & SEO

Visibility4%
Similarity45%
Price$12,000 per household/year
On the market7 years
SEO · top 101 of 4 queries · best #4
AdsGoogle Ads, Meta Pixel
10
Linden Thomas & Company36
directbets on: quality

“Celebrating 39 YEARS of Putting Clients First, because... CLIENT SUCCESS MATTERS.”

Check: business · site & SEO

Visibility3%
Similarity35%
Priceno data
On the market21 years
SEO · top 101 of 4 queries · best #5
AdsGoogle Ads

Free traffic places · 1

Buyer searches with no direct competitor in the top three.

  • Ghow to manage retirement savings without a financial advisor—in the top 3: reddit.com, investopedia.com, tiaa.org

Acquisition channels

SEO: organic Google and Yandex7/10

in the top 10 for 2+ of 4 buyer queries

Ads in Google results1/6

ads on the first pages of our queries

Google Ads3/10

a pixel on the site: they buy ads or prepare retargeting

Meta Pixel2/10

a pixel on the site: they buy ads or prepare retargeting

Competitors' weak spots

Northwestern Mutual: other1
Terrible company, pyramid scheme
trustpilot.com5

Gap map: complaints against the competitors' bets

PainComplaintsBetting on itThe idea coversTakeaway
Price33 of 10~taken
Quality21 of 10~a gap
7Uniquenessclosest is Level Wealth Management — 45% · 3 differences
Where the score comes from · 7 of 10
Closest analogue45%how much of the idea it already offers: (100 − %) / 10
Differentiators3+0.5 each, at most +2
7 × 15% of the weight+10.6 to the total

Only the idea has

Named 1% AUM fee aligned with the common market fee benchmarkRetiree-specific transition from a wirehouse for the $500k–$2M bandLocal Charlotte presence for in-person meetings
the ideaan analoguethe overlap — the share of the idea they already have
Level Wealth Management45% of the idea they already have
In common
Flat-fee positioningRetirement and planning services
Differs
Subscription pricing instead of 1% AUM
Flat Fee Financial40% of the idea they already have
In common
Fee-transparent pricing aimed at high-asset clientsTax and retirement planning focus
Differs
Flat subscription instead of 1% AUMTargets a different fee structure
Parkwood Wealth Advisors35% of the idea they already have
In common
Client-goal-centred planning
Differs
Generic goal messaging with no stated price or segment
Linden Thomas & Company35% of the idea they already have
In common
Long-standing client-first reputation
Differs
Relies on tenure rather than a pricing hook
4How hard it is to buildfirst version in 6–10 wk · hardest: regulation · 1 requirement
Where the score comes from · 4 of 10
Technology2Standard portfolio and planning software is available off the shelf; little technical barrier.
Regulation6Requires North Carolina investment adviser registration, IARD filings and Series 65 or equivalent exam; manageable but real compliance load.
Capital4Filing fees are low (about $300 firm plus $75 per representative), but startup costs and a runway to build AUM are material.
Operations5Ongoing fiduciary compliance, custody, and client reporting need steady process discipline.
Team4Founder must hold advisory credentials and a book of business; no founder profile was provided, so this stays near the middle.
(10 − 4) × 11% of the weight+6.8 to the total

Five dimensions

  • Technology2
  • Regulation6
  • Capital4
  • Operations5
  • Team4

What it will take

  • A business licence

The first version

6–10 wkto the first version
7Prices and monetisation2 prices on the sites — too few for a corridor · fits best: commission
Where the score comes from · 7 of 10
Competitors' prices2prices, no band — +1.5
What customers pay (quotes)3+1 each, at most +3
Best-fitting model50%how well it fits, × 4
7 × 11% of the weight+8 to the total

Prices on the sites · too few for a corridor

  • Flat Fee Financial60,000 USD per year
  • Level Wealth Management3,000 USD per household/quarter

Competitors' models

subscription2
pay per purchase1

Fitting monetisation models

commission20%
subscription50%
pay per purchase40%
subscription30%
  • ›commission — Commission conflicts clash with the fiduciary, fee-only positioning.
  • ›subscription — Competitor Level Wealth proves demand for flat fees, but the idea prices at 1% of AUM.
  • ›pay per purchase — Hourly or project fees like the initial $1,200 setup can complement AUM billing.
  • ›subscription — Ongoing retainer for smaller accounts below the AUM threshold.

What people pay

It’s fairly standard for financial advisor AUM fees to amount to around 1% of your assets.
wsj.com21
0.96% per year is the average assets under management fee
nerdwallet.com22
cost $1,200 for an initial review and setup.
reddit.com23
—Unit economicsthe estimate needs checking
Where the score comes from
LTV / CACno data4 + 2 × log₂(LTV/CAC): 1 → 4, 2 → 6, 4 → 8, 8 → 10; the category's norms
Paybackno dataover 6 months −1, 12 −2, 24 −3
No data — not in the total—

The price's basis: At a 1% AUM fee on $1M, the annual fee is about $10,000, near competitor flat fees of $12,000 per household; monthly purchase frequency is not given in the data.

The estimate does not hold: on the category's norms LTV/CAC comes out above 20 or a customer pays back in under half a month, which no real business shows — the prices found or the purchase frequency do not fit this idea. Count it on your own numbers: the price, the purchases a month, the margin and the cost of a customer.

6Risks and who already tried5 risks · 6 closed projects · the main one: buyers with $500k–$2m may see a 1% fee as too high compared with…
Where the score comes from · 6 of 10
Average severity5.2likelihood × impact (1–9), scaled to 0–10
Similar ones closed62+ → +1
Not in the total6 / 10
Demandpossiblepainful

Buyers with $500k–$2M may see a 1% fee as too high compared with per-service advice, which would stall sign-ups.2526123

How to lower itTest price sensitivity in the five buyer interviews before setting the fee.

Competitionpossiblepainful

Level Wealth Management already covers much of the offer, so a new firm must show a clear difference to win clients.

How to lower itDefine one specific difference for the retiree segment and test it with buyers.

Moneypossiblepainful

Unit economics are an estimate from the fintech category, not measured in this market, so the margin may not hold.

How to lower itModel the firm's real costs and client count in Charlotte before launch.

Operationspossiblepainful

Similar firms have closed, so a slow client build could exhaust the firm's capital.78

How to lower itSet a cash runway and a client-count milestone to decide early whether to continue.

Regulationunlikelynoticeable

Registration and a business licence are required before any client can be served.161718

How to lower itList the registration steps and their timing before committing funds.

Who already closed · 6

  • Carolinas Investment Consulting LLC2019

    “Carolinas Investment Consulting LLC is registered with the US Securities and Exchange Commission”

    fingale.com7
  • Hubbell Consulting, LLC2022

    “Hubbell Consulting, LLC: $147.0M AUM Fee Only”

    fingale.com8
  • Griggs Capital Management, LLC2012

    “Griggs Capital Management, LLC: $23.3M AUM Fee Only”

    fingale.com9
  • Maybry Mcshane Family Offices, LLC2018

    “Maybry Mcshane Family Offices, LLC: $908.8M AUM Fee”

    fingale.com10
  • Golden Capital Management, LLC2017

    “Golden Capital Management, LLC: $9.72B AUM Fee Only RIA in Charlotte NC”

    fingale.com11
  • Intercarolina Financial Services, Inc.2024

    “Intercarolina Financial Services, Inc.: $129.7M AUM Hybrid RIA”

    fingale.com12
6Ways to growQuality-focused fee-only planning for pre-retirees · Low-balance option for smaller retirement accounts · Independent adviser for clients leaving larger firms
Where the score comes from · 6 of 10
Pains nobody answers1+2 each, up to 3
Free buyer queries1no direct competitor in the top 3; their share of the buyer queries × 6
Ad channels nobody uses2+1 each, up to 2
6 × 10% of the weight+6.1 to the total
Launch an independent registered investment adviser firm in suburban Charlotte, moving a state-registered adviser's retiree clients with $500k–$2M in assets…
Variant 1

Quality-focused fee-only planning for pre-retirees

For whom

Pre-retirees with $500k–$2M in investable assets in suburban Charlotte who want a single planner

What

Fee-only registered advisory at 1% of assets under management, with a written annual retirement plan included

A pain nobody covers

Quality complaints about existing services, which the idea does not yet answer

Free traffic

Google query on managing retirement savings without an advisor, where no direct competitor ranks in the top 3

Why

Competitors' median price is 24 000 USD a year, and the 1% fee on a $1M account is about 10 000 USD, so the price sits below the median for the same wealth band.24

Variant 2

Low-balance option for smaller retirement accounts

For whom

Retirees with $500k–$700k who find per-hour advice costly and want ongoing help

What

Fee-only advisory at 1% of assets for the smaller band, with a capped annual service scope

A pain nobody covers

Price complaints from buyers who see the fee as high relative to what they receive

Free traffic

Google query on managing retirement savings without an advisor, where no direct competitor ranks in the top 3

Why

Critics note that a 1% fee is justifiable only when balances are low enough that it beats hourly rates, so this band is where the model fits best.12325

Variant 3

Independent adviser for clients leaving larger firms

For whom

Retirees in Charlotte who want an independent fee-only adviser after a poor experience with a larger firm

What

Fee-only registered advisory at 1% of assets under management with a direct, named adviser

A pain nobody covers

Quality complaints about existing services that the closest competitor does not fully cover

Free traffic

Google query on managing retirement savings without an advisor, where no direct competitor ranks in the top 3

Why

Advisers seeking autonomy and better compensation show independent firms are forming, and the closest competitor covers only about 45% of the idea, leaving the rest open.24

8The project's name and free domains8 names · 12 free domains · for example, keelretire.com
Where the score comes from · 8 of 10
Names with a free domain6/8share × 10
Not in the total8 / 10
3 free domains

Keel Retirement

Keel evokes steadiness in rough water; pairs with retirement for clear meaning.

✓ keelretire.com✓ keelretire.io✓ keelretire.co
Open questions6 questions · disputed 1, not found 4, for the concept 1
8Sources and how reliable the data is36 sources
Where the score comes from · 8 of 10
Sources3620+ → 3, 10+ → 2, 5+ → 1
Quotes matched word for word91%× 2
Sites read10/10share × 2
Demand measuredno
5+ complaints6+1
Not in the total8 / 10
  1. Do any of you use a financial advisor? If so, how did you choose one and why? · reddit.com · 2023-07-10
  2. Does everyone hate financial advisors? · reddit.com · 2025-11-03
  3. The worst thing I did financially was seeing a financial planner · reddit.com · 2022-10-12
  4. Wife has been paying WF Advisors for 'full service IRA' for 6 years and they never invested a cent. · reddit.com · 2026-01-24
  5. Northwestern Mutual Reviews - Trustpilot · trustpilot.com · 2026-10-07
  6. Financial advisor/planner recommendations? · reddit.com · 2026-07-11
  7. Carolinas Investment Consulting LLC: $1.49B AUM Hybrid ... - Fingale · fingale.com · 2026-06-18
  8. Hubbell Consulting, LLC: $147.0M AUM Fee Only ... · fingale.com · 2026-08-26
  9. Griggs Capital Management, LLC: $23.3M AUM Fee Only ... · fingale.com · 2026-08-27
  10. Maybry Mcshane Family Offices, LLC: $908.8M AUM Fee ... - Fingale · fingale.com · 2026-06-25
  11. Golden Capital Management, LLC: $9.72B AUM Fee Only RIA in Charlotte NC | Fingale · fingale.com · 2026-08-02
  12. Intercarolina Financial Services, Inc.: $129.7M AUM Hybrid RIA in ... · fingale.com · 2026-07-30
  13. State-registered RIAs' assets top $360B as firm count slips ... · investmentnews.com · 2025-09-08
  14. Revealed: the fastest-growing fee-only RIAs of 2024 · investmentnews.com · 2025-01-22
  15. RIA Consolidators Are Redefining the Wealth… | Cerulli Associates · cerulli.com · 2026-10-07
  16. Investment Adviser Registration Requirements · sosnc.gov · 2025-08-30
  17. Investment Adviser Representative Registration Requirements · sosnc.gov · 2025-09-19
  18. 18 N.C. Admin. Code 06A .1709 - EXAM REQUIRE ... · law.cornell.edu · 2026-10-13
  19. Going RIA is a one-way street · investmentnews.com · 2026-07-23
  20. www.investmentnews.com · ria-news · riaRIA consolidation heats up as market approaches $4T mark · investmentnews.com · 2026-06-10
  21. What factors influence... · wsj.com · 2026-06-09
  22. What Will a Financial Advisor Cost You? It Depends. · nerdwallet.com · 2018-04-03
  23. Do any bogleheads here do periodic one time consultancies with an advisor? · reddit.com · 2023-05-10
  24. What's Driving Movement of Advisors at Independent Firms? · wealthmanagement.com · 2024-05-10
  25. Flat Fee/Fixed Fee Financial Advisors · reddit.com · 2025-07-29
  26. Getting real tired of the wirehouse carousel tbh · reddit.com · 2026-09-07
  27. Flat Fee Financial · flatfee-financial.com · 2026-10-15
  28. The Hourly Advisor · thehourlyadvisor.com · 2026-10-15
  29. Tri-State Financial Advisors · tristatefa.com · 2026-10-15
  30. HB Wealth · hbwealth.com · 2026-10-15
  31. Northwestern Mutual · nm.com · 2026-10-15
  32. Waverly Advisors · waverly-advisors.com · 2026-10-15
  33. Modera Wealth Management · moderawealth.com · 2026-10-15
  34. Llewellyn Financial · llewellynfinancial.com · 2026-10-15
  35. Level Wealth Management · levelwm.com · 2026-10-15
  36. Linden Thomas & Company · lindenthomas.com · 2026-10-15

The check runs on open data as of its date: every figure has its source; the customer model is an estimate on the category’s norms.

Questions about this idea

Will retirees accept a fee based on a percentage of assets?

It is the main risk. Buyers in this range may see the fee as too high compared with per-service advice, and reviewers call the AUM model “just a ripoff for most consumers.”1 Local firms such as Level Wealth Management charge $12,000 per household/year as a flat fee2.

Who am I competing against in Charlotte?

The check found many fee-only and flat-fee firms, including Flat Fee Financial, The Hourly Advisor, HB Wealth, Waverly Advisors and Modera Wealth Management. Level Wealth Management already covers much of the offer, so you need a clear difference to win clients.

What do I need before serving my first client?

You need registration as an investment adviser and a business licence before any client can be served. The unit economics in the check are a category estimate, not measured in this market, so plan conservatively.

A similar idea in mind? Check it

3 checks without signing up, a report like this one.

How we made this page. This page is a real check of the idea “Independent RIA after a wirehouse in Charlotte” of 15 October 2026: its figures and findings are its report’s. Every figure from outside data has its source, linked in the report. Data as of 15 October 2026.

Kirill Smolin, editor